Explore our Curriculum

US Social Sciences

NCS students must take 2½ years of social sciences courses: In 9th grade, students take Modern World History; 10th graders take Geography; and 11th graders take U.S. History. Many electives are also available, and these classes are quite popular.

Although students may enroll for only one semester of Geography, those pursuing the strongest social sciences program should take the full year. 

  • African American Studies

    STA

    This course will examine the African American experience from the colonial era to the present.  Framed by the overarching themes of resistance, resilience, and rising up, the course will explore how African Americans have sought to make the United States live up to its promise and potential as a democracy rooted in liberty, equality, and opportunity.  Through literature, music, film, religion, education, and other cultural productions, we will focus specifically on unearthing African American voices and understanding the multiple claims that Black people have made on the American project.  Primary-source readings, research, and explication will be at the heart of the course, which will use a combination of team teaching, outside speakers, recent scholarship, short papers, discussion, and group work to explore how African Americans have both shaped and been shaped by the American experience.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • Amer Gov't & Politics

    STA

    This course will introduce students to the foundations, institutions, and functions of the American system of government. The overarching goal of this class will be to assist students in becoming educated, informed, and active citizens of our nation. A secondary goal will be to prepare students to take the AP US Government and Politics exam. Through nightly readings and intensive class discussions, students will be expected to address critically the tensions and contradictions in the American political landscape. At least one field trip will be undertaken so students can better understand the principles we will study and to see government in action. To encourage students to engage with current events, students will also be required to read and respond to editorials in major U.S. newspapers.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • AP Human Geography

    AP Human Geography builds on the introduction to fundamental concepts and methods of human geography introduced in the 10th grade Geography curriculum. Patterns, models and theories of population, culture, politics, economic development, rural and urban land use are studied through academic literature and interpretively applied to real world events introduced through long form journalism and scholarly writing. Since geography is a discipline characterized by methodology rather than a discrete body of knowledge, students practice geographic methods using both primary and secondary data, culminating in analysis that emphasizes independent observation and interpretation from a spatial perspective. Students are expected to complete an independent research project.

    Open to grade 12.
  • AS American Dreams, American Divides: 1964-2020

    Cancel culture, history wars, BLM, #MeToo, CRT, LGBTQ+, masks, guns, abortion, immigration, globalization, family values, religious rights, identity politics, Occupy Wall Street, Red v. Blue, MAGA, “Yes, we can!” Why is the United States so divided presently, and how did we get here? A torrent of recent scholarship—bearing titles such as Fault Lines, Age of Fracture, Why We’re Polarized, American Discontent, Divided We Stand—has sought to explain America’s fracturing across the past half-century, which thunders today. In broad strokes, America’s mounting divisions and discontents—particularly concerning varied inequalities, social dislocations, and “culture wars”—have emerged from outsize public actors and seismic shifts in social, cultural, economic, political, demographic, geographic, and technological/media dynamics to produce an unprecedented, structural “Great Alignment” divided along opposing, partisan, evenly matched political poles—with each faction feeling their America is existentially threatened. This honors seminar will examine the origins of these fault lines in the “long 1960s” and track their rupturing across the decades into epic domestic battles over, and dueling dreams about, the meaning and identity—the soul—of America. Along with mastering America’s domestic history from 1945-2020, we will focus on vivid, thematic case studies grounded in leading scholarship and key primary sources, especially multimedia. Students will lead daily discussions, analyze complex debates, decode culture, unpack ideologies, write scholarly journalism, reflect critically on their own views, and lean openly into our nation’s “unfinished work” of democracy and how “We the people” can help bridge America’s divides.

    Prerequisite:  U.S. History (completed or concurrent); Open to grade 12
  • AS Art History

    This course is designed to introduce students to visual arts throughout world history. As an interdisciplinary elective course, Advanced Studies in Art History will draw on critical skills from both the Visual Arts and Social Sciences to hone student fluency in analyzing major works of art and architecture from various eras, cultures, and media. As an advanced studies class, students will be expected to prepare at a level higher than the traditional upper school course as they develop skills to critically analyze the formal, social, and cultural contributions of art. This course will not attempt to cover the scope of art history from prehistory to the present, as many traditional art history courses do, but rather it will frame the study of art history around themes that allow students to delve deeper into specific topics and questions. This thematic approach will provide opportunities for students to study art to which they find meaningful connections, and as an interdisciplinary course, students will write, speak, present, and engage in hands-on art making to explore these connections in depth. The semester will culminate with an opportunity to conduct independent research for the final project.

    This course does not fulfill NCS graduation requirements for Visual Arts or Social Sciences.

    Open to grades 11-12.  Those who select a Visual Arts focus should have completed at least one semester in visual arts or be concurrently enrolled in a visual arts production class. Those who select a Social Sciences focus should have completed or be currently enrolled in U.S. History. 
  • AS Cities: Urban Spaces & Urban People

    In this class, we will explore the interrelationship between urban spaces and urban people. It will allow students to explore something deeply connected to their own lived experiences—cities—as well as explore the different urban experiences of people around the world. We will investigate how urban spaces are designed, made, reshaped, and fought over. Further, we will examine how urban spaces shape our relationships and identities.

    This course is interdisciplinary, using materials and lenses from geography, history, sociology, economics, urban studies, political science, and psychology. Class materials include texts from college-level Urban Studies courses and multimedia sources on contemporary urban issues. The course will use a spatial lens—moving from largest (cities in their global context) to smallest (the urban individual). Course work will be primarily project-based–allowing students to apply the urban theory that they are learning to discrete urban challenges. 

    Open to 11th and 12th grade. Prerequisite: after or concurrent with U.S. History

  • AS Film History

    Black Magic on Screen: Unveiling Hollywood's portrayal of Black Americans

    This course transcends traditional film studies, offering an in-depth analysis of how movies construct, challenge, and shape historical representations of Black Americans. With a critical focus on the intersections of race, culture, gender, and identity, students will navigate the complexities of cinematic historiography, treating films not merely as cultural texts but as sophisticated artifacts that shape and reflect the ideological underpinnings of the 20th and 21st centuries. This methodology of this course will allow students to delve into the nuanced ways in which cinema became a powerful medium for both reflection and critique of the Black American historical narrative. The honors designation indicates that students will engage in advanced skills of the social sciences discipline, including study of historiography, reading of in-depth scholarly articles, student-led discussions in a “seminar” setting, introduction to different modes of writing, and historical analysis based on research of both primary and secondary sources.

    Prerequisite: U.S. History or concurrent enrollment
  • AS Geography II

    Advanced Studies Geography: Globalization and Diversity II

    Students will investigate various influences—physical, demographic, economic, cultural, and political—on humans from a geographic, or spatial, perspective. Each unit combines a thematic investigation in a regional context with a case study that emphasizes how place influences human interactions. 

    In semester 2, the students will examine water in Southwest Asia and North Africa, urbanization in Latin America, and women and gender in Africa South of the Sahara. Units are designed to cumulatively reflect the salient characteristics of globalization and its impact on cultural diversity and human-environment interactions. Advanced course work is focused on students implementing their geographic knowledge and spatial reasoning skills in project-based assignments. Students will finish the year with an independent geography research project. 

    Prerequisite: Geography I

  • AS Modernity

    Modernity — Self, Society, and the Pursuit of Happiness

    We live in an era of tectonic shifts across the globe, in American society, and as social selves. Beneath this seeming “runaway world” lie both enduring forces of modernity—the promising and problematic features of modern life birthed in the Enlightenment—and radically new conditions. The social sciences emerged to make sense of modernity’s revolutionary social structures and modes of existence which have globalized into debatable benefits/costs for societies and selves.  Have modernity’s (and America’s?) dreams of liberal progress and the “pursuit of happiness” become exhausted nostalgic illusions; or can those founding ideals help mend our fractious era? Luckily, social and cultural theorists have compelling answers! Social science offers both insightful keys to unlock (post)modern conundrums and practical tools to help imagine healthier, happier, and more flourishing societies and selves. In this course we will examine the rise of historic modernity, dwell intently on the past half century and present, and learn the key social and cultural theories that seek to illuminate modern societies and modern social/cultural selves. Students will lead daily discussions, plumb case studies, write scholarly journalism, and probe the present as reflexive analysts seeking insight, meaning, and flourishment in 21st century modernity.
     
    Open to grade 12 only.
  • AS U.S. and the World Since 1945

    Students will study historical events in the U.S. and the world after 1945 through the modern day. The course addresses major themes of the post-World War II era, including the Cold War and its echoes, decolonization and neocolonialism, the rise of globalization, and the war on terror. Within that broad framework, the material of the course will be determined based on student interest, current events, and the expertise of the instructor. Potential courses of study: the rise of non-state actors, from terrorist groups to multi-national corporations; rights revolutions related to identity, including race, gender, and sexual orientation; cultural and artistic movements in visual art, music, literature, and film; the natural world and its resources. The honors designation indicates that students will engage in advanced skills of the social sciences discipline, including study of historiography, reading of in-depth scholarly articles, student-led discussions in a “seminar” setting, introduction to different modes of writing, and historical analysis based on research of both primary and secondary sources.

    Open to grade 12 only.
  • AS U.S. History

    The course surveys major events and themes of the American story from the roots of British colonization in 1607 to the early 21st Century. It emphasizes the intellectual skills central to the advanced study of history - interpreting historical evidence, analyzing historical scholarship, posing historical questions, framing historical arguments - through engagement with both primary sources and leading scholarship. Students are assessed on analytical reading, thinking, discussion, and writing through quizzes, tests, in-class writings, debates, and presentations. Harnessing all the critical skills developed across the year, the course culminates in a multi-week, primary-source based, independent historical analysis project (IHAP) which produces a capstone paper of original research.
  • Case Studies Public Policy

    STA

    Modeled on the case study method of examining public policy questions used at the St. Albans School of Public Service, this class places students in the role of advocates and/or decision-makers on thorny public policy questions from the late 20th and early 21st century. The subject matter will range from historical issues such as how the partition of India and Pakistan should have been handled to current policy debates about topics like climate change, educational policy, and immigration, and from wide-ranging foreign policy questions to disputes that come before small local governments. In the first half of the class, students will read college-level (and even graduate-school level) materials about complex public policy issues and then engage in simulations, discussions, or debates on the issue. In the second half, they will research a public policy conundrum of their choice, prepare a dossier for their classmates to read about it, and then lead the class in a discussion or debate on the issue. The goal of this class is to encourage students to think critically and creatively about issues that do not lend themselves to simple solutions.

    Open to grade 12 only.
  • East Asian History

    STA

    This one-semester course offers students a slightly more advanced study of the history of East Asia. Developing themes of historical thinking established in earlier courses, students examine the major political, cultural, and economic trends in east and southeast Asia that have shaped the region over a thousand years. The course focuses primarily upon the origin and development of Chinese and Japanese civilizations. Inquiry covers the Han, Tang, Ming, and Qing Dynasties in China, and the Heian, Sengoku, Tokugawa, and Showa eras in Japan, and culminates with a study of the Pacific Theater during World War II. This course is conducted as a modified seminar, which means we read and discuss serious texts and produce and share our own historical writing. Students will collaborate on writing and editing a major historical essay by the end of the semester.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • Economic Theory & Policy

    STA

    This semester-long course will introduce students to both micro- and macro-economics through encounters with the people and ideas that have played instrumental roles in laying the foundation of modern economic theory. Students will also apply their knowledge by evaluating the tough choices policymakers face in our world today. The goal of this class is to assist students in becoming educated and informed consumers and better citizens of a capitalist, inter-connected world.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • Ethics of War

    STA

    As the author of Just and Unjust War has written, "For as long as men and women have talked about war, they have talked about it in terms of right and wrong.” This course will feature attention to issues related to the ethics of war in the World War II era (1937-1945) through a series of case studies. Open to grade 12.
  • First Peoples & Their Hist

    STA

    This course will examine the history of American Indian cultures from North, Central, and South America. Beginning with a study of the various theories surrounding the original migration of peoples into the Americas, students will then spend the semester exploring specific cultures: the Olmec, the Maya, the Inca, the Triple Alliance, the city of Cahokia, the Wampanoag Confederation, the Haudenosaunee, the Lakota, and, lastly, the Yanomami. Native American civilizations constructed large cities with remarkable infrastructures, built empires that extended for thousands of miles, and created complex technologies that allowed them to manipulate their environment to serve their needs. We will come to see that much of this rich history was lost to those who wrote it—early European explorers and settlers—because by the time most Europeans arrived in the Americas, disease had already decimated the vast majority of the Indian population, dramatically disrupting their complex social systems. Although the course will spend much time studying the Americas before the arrival of Europeans, it will also study the effect of European colonization on indigenous populations. The class will end with an examination of the current state of American Indians, focusing on the Amazon, Central America, Canada, and the United States.

    Open to grades 11and 12.
  • Geography I

    Geography: Globalization and Diversity I

    Students will investigate various influences—physical, demographic, economic, cultural, and political—on humans from a geographic, or spatial, perspective. Each unit combines a thematic investigation in a regional context with a case study that emphasizes how place influences human interactions. 

    In semester 1, the students will explore introductory concepts in geography, migration in North America, demographics in East Asia, and agriculture in South Asia. Units are designed to cumulatively reflect the salient characteristics of globalization and its impact on cultural diversity and human-environment interactions. Course work is designed to help students build their geographic knowledge and spatial reasoning skills.

    First semester required for grade 10; second semester optional but strongly recommended.

  • Law, Justice & Society

    STA

    This interdisciplinary course will explore some of the most fundamental questions in constitutional law, political philosophy, and public policy—questions about justice, rights, fairness, equality, and how our understanding of these concepts informs many of the most important issues in our society. We will read Supreme Court cases and a variety of other practical and philosophical writings, all in the context of discussing current debates in law, ethics, politics, and economics.

    Open to grade 12 only.
  • Making of Modern Asia

    STA

    This course will explore Asia from the 19th century to the present. Throughout the semester, we will trace the histories of East, Southeast, and South Asia, including the Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, Korea, Singapore, Japan, and India. The course will culminate with student-led investigations into the contemporary political, economic, and social issues of the region.  

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • Modern Middle East

    STA

    News outlets often discuss events in the Middle East without a full understanding of the region’s history. In this course, we will seek to understand the Middle East’s influence on, as well as how it was influenced by, world events. Starting with the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire, this course explores the political, social, and economic intricacies of the region. We will pay particular attention to the Safavid Empire and the eventual Iranian Revolution, the rise of oil, and other current issues in the region.

    Open to grades 11 and  12.
  • Modern World History

    This full-year course begins with the study of the empire building, global trade, and intellectual currents which shaped the early modern era and which culminated in the 18th‑century Atlantic revolutions. Students then examine the nature and effects of industrialization, nationalism, and imperialism in the 19th century and of fascism, communism and decolonization in the 20th century. The course concludes with a survey of the post‑World War II world order. A primary focus of the course is skill development, including critical reading, primary‑source analysis, analytical writing, and independent research.
  • Politics & Government in America

    Political scientist Harold Lasswell said politics is the struggle over “who gets what, when, how.” Politics exist in any organization of people, but this class studies politics specifically in the United States, as it refers to “contestation over the leadership, structure, processes, and policies of governments – that is, over who governs and who has power.” The course will use American government structures and processes as a framework for exploring topics of student interest as well as current events. We will consider many themes, including but not limited to, political parties, voting rights, elections and representation, polling, interest groups, social movements, and civil rights and liberties. Additionally, students will be invited to explore the politics and governance of their own local communities through independent research and attendance at a local government meeting.

    Open to 11th and 12th grade. Prerequisite: after or concurrent with U.S. History

  • Social Psychology

    This course is designed to help students further their understanding of how people think, feel, and behave when interacting with others. The class will provide a general overview of the field of psychology across various domains and will further students’ understanding of how we are influenced by those around us. We will study classic and contemporary works of social psychology and explore the ways theories and research play out in real-life interactions (e.g., classroom dynamics, current events). Topics will include general psychology, group dynamics and conformity, attitude formation, interpersonal attraction, and aggression.

    Open to grade 12 only.
  • The Global 1960's

    STA

    This course offers a comparative, transnational study of the dramatic social, scientific, political, and cultural transformations that occurred in the decades following World War II, with particular attention to the 1960s. The course will cover topics including the Cold War, the Chinese Cultural Revolution, nationalism in Latin America, Asia and Africa, the global civil rights movement, and international student protest movements. The cross-disciplinary curriculum introduces students to these topics through primary sources that run the gamut from political documents to art, film, and music, and asks students to take a lead role in discussions and simulations. Over the course of the semester, students will be challenged to consider what the “Global 1960s” means. To what extent are the events of the 1960s transnational or global, and how much are they responses to particular national circumstances? Similarly, does the idea of the 1960s as an historical epoch hold water, especially considering that many of the phenomena associated with the decade originated in the 1950s or even the 1940s (and in many cases continued on into the 1970s)? By covering a wide variety of primary sources across disciplines, students will analyze the intellectual sources of the major transformative events of the 1960s, develop an understanding of the historical circumstances under which they occurred, and assess their long-term effects. The interdisciplinary approach is designed to stimulate out-of-the-box critical thinking about the increasing interconnectedness of ideas, politics, economies, and cultures after 1945.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • The Romantic Age

    STA

    Arts, Sciences, & Technologies of the Romantic Age: 1771-1831 (ASTRA)

    From the 1771 return of Joseph Banks from his three-year voyage to the South Seas on the Endeavor with Captain Cook, to the 1831 departure of Charles Darwin for his five-year voyage on the Beagle, this period of extraordinary adventure and discovery has earned the name of the Romantic Age.  Continental Europe, Britain, and America experienced in this age revolutions, not only the ones in politics that we are most familiar with, but also in the arts, sciences, and technologies – profound revolutions that still shape our lives today. 

    In the arts, this was the time in which creative artists developed an exhilarating new relationship between the human mind and the natural world, as seen in the works of Goethe and Beethoven, Wordsworth and J.M.W. Turner.  In the sciences, this was the magical time of electricity: Franklin’s kite-flying opened the way to understanding the earth’s atmosphere, and Galvani brought electricity even into the muscles of the human body.  In technologies, Davy’s electric lamp and Faraday’s electric motor changed the world forever.  Humboldt in natural history and Herschel in astronomy likewise revolutionized our knowledge of, respectively, the biosphere and the cosmos.

    To capture the spirit of this “age of wonder” and its revolutions, we will examine journals and other texts of the times; we will look at the art and listen to the music; we will sample the crafts and the experiments – in a word, we will dig down into the cultural history of this exciting, formative 60-year period.  And from time to time we will look at specific instances of how the revolutions of this time can be seen to manifest themselves in the world of today.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • Totalitarianism

    STA

    Ideology can lead to ruin. Americans tend to interpret the post-1945 era, the so-called Cold War, as a monumental struggle between two competing world views embodied by the United States and the Soviet Union, i.e. as a showdown between the Capitalist-Democratic West and the Socialist-Authoritarian East. Yet that monumental ideological struggle was preceded by one even more bitter and costly, a fight between competing Utopian political visions espoused by Communism and Fascism, two competing yet strangely similar totalitarian systems, each with global aspirations and each dedicated to annihilating the other. The Fascist Party was founded in 1915. The Bolshevik Revolution took place in 1917.  Between 1915 and 1945 over one hundred million persons died as a direct result of their political ideologies. (Mao Zedong added another thirty million to the tally in the 1950s and 60s.) This course will trace the development of both Fascism and Communism and then investigate, in some depth, the cataclysmic fight to the death that took place in and between Germany and the USSR between 1933 and 1945. The special place of the Holocaust in the history of this era will be included in this study. 

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • U.S. History

    The course examines major topics in American history using a broad range of social science lenses - political formulation, economic structure, social reform, cultural change - while focusing on the lives of both exceptional and ordinary Americans. A topical and thematic approach will allow students to explore certain eras in more depth and invite students to make connections between past and present. Assessments will evaluate students’ analytical skills through a variety of forms such as tests, in-class writings, and project-based and experiential learning. The course culminates in a primary-source based, independent historical analysis project (IHAP) in a topic and format of a student’s choosing.
  • Unconventional Warfare

    STA

    Unconventional warfare transcends traditional battlefield confrontations, employing creative, but often condemned, tactics and unorthodox means to achieve strategic objectives. Since ancient times, unconventional warfare has often emerged as a potent force, challenging conventional norms and reshaping the course of nations. In this course, students will examine case studies spanning different epochs and geographical regions. From 18th-century rebellions to modern-day cyber warfare, we will dissect the methods, motivations, and consequences of unconventional warfare, exploring its myriad forms, and its profound impact on societies, politics, and global dynamics.
     
    Students will engage with foundational texts and primary sources to analyze pivotal moments in history where unconventional warfare played a decisive role. We will investigate the military methods of both guerilla fighters and state actors that opposed them, and will assess the reasons for and consequences of unconventional conflict in the modern era. We shall attempt to understand the guerrilla fighter and the ‘freedom fighter’ on their own grounds and place them within the broader context of political struggle. With a rigorous focus on critical analysis, students will unravel the complexities of unconventional conflict in the modern era.  Topics in the past have included: The American Revolution, US Civil War, Ireland, Bosnia, Kosovo, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. 

    Open to grades 11 and 12.
  • World at War (1939-1945)

    STA

    More than seventy-five years after the end of World War II, those years of conflict remain central to an understanding of 20th century history. This course will feature a global perspective as we study the origins, course, and outcomes of what one historian has recently termed “The Second World Wars” that claimed more than 60 million lives around the world, including the killing of at least six million Jews in the Holocaust. The course will also feature attention to the myriad moral controversies raised by the war such as Allied firebombing of German and Japanese cities, the decision to drop the atomic bomb, Japanese war crimes, and atrocities committed on the Eastern European front. We will also consider the important ways that the war gave impetus to independence movements in Asia and Africa. Readings will include secondary sources, government documents, and eyewitness accounts. Class sessions will emphasize discussions of those readings supplemented by occasional use of film.

    Open to grades 11 and 12.

Department Faculty

  • Photo of Daniela Bailey
    Daniela Bailey
    Social Sciences Teacher & Social Science Department Chair
    202-537-5936
    Bio
  • Photo of Justin Bonner
    Justin Bonner
    Social Sciences Teacher
    202-537-2302
    Bio
  • Photo of Julia Lopez Fuentes
    Julia Lopez Fuentes
    Social Sciences Teacher
  • Photo of Nathan Price
    Nathan Price
    Social Sciences Teacher
    202-537-6371
    Bio
  • Photo of Devon Williams
    Devon Williams
    Social Sciences Teacher
    202-537-6301
    Bio